Useful links regarding query processing, optimization, etc.:
Conceptual Queries
ORM Conceptual Queries and the ConQuer query language
A Query Algebra for Object-Oriented Databases
Optimizing Object Queries Using an Effective Calculus
Generic Functions/CLOS DB stuff
Gestalt-class: A Persistent, Multi-user CLOS Application Environment
Open Source Implementations
XXL - a Java query processing library
Lambda-DB
Lambda-DB includes a C++ implementation of the algorithms described in "Optimizing Object Queries Using an Effective Calculus", above.
Outer Join Processing
Outerjoin Simplication and Reordering for Query Optimization
Outerjoins as Disjunctions
Misc. Optimization Techniques
Performing Group-By before Join
Guy with a 300 page draft on query compilation
Optimizing Queries across Diverse Data Sources
Python Stuff:
Integrating Diverse Data Sources with Gadfly 2
SQLObject library for Python
Other
Database System Concepts, 4th Edition
Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Very Large Databases
Foundations of Object-Relational Mapping
Visual XXL - "Runtime 3D-Visualization of Relational Database-Queries"
Good info on ANSI SQL-92 syntax/semantics